https://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/issue/feedInternational Journal of Engineering and Management Research2024-03-16T17:52:37+00:00Prof. (Dr.) Mohammad Husainijemr@vandanapublications.comOpen Journal Systems<p>International Journal of Engineering and Management Research is a full peer-reviewed & refereed open access bi-monthly journal that publish research papers / articles on all the fields of engineering and management subjects.</p> <p><strong>JOURNAL PARTICULARS</strong></p> <p><strong>Title:</strong> International Journal of Engineering and Management Research<br /><strong>Frequency:</strong> Bimonthly (6 issue per year)<br /><strong>ISSN (Online):</strong> <a href="https://portal.issn.org/api/search?search[]=MUST=allissnbis=%222250-0758%22&search_id=23468206" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2250-0758</a><br /><strong>ISSN (Print):</strong> <a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2394-6962" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2394-6962</a><br /><strong>Publisher:</strong> <a href="https://www.vandanapublications.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Vandana Publications</a>, Lucknow, India (Registered under the Ministry of MSME, Government of India with the registration number “UDYAM-UP-50-0046532”)<br /><strong>Chief Editor:</strong> Prof. (Dr.) Mohammad Husain (Head of the Faculty, Department of Computer Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia<strong>)</strong><br /><strong>Copyright:</strong> Author<br /><strong>License:</strong> Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<br /><strong>Starting Year:</strong> 2011<br /><strong>Subject:</strong> Engineering and Management <br /><strong>Language:</strong> English<br /><strong>Publication Format:</strong> Online & Print<br /><strong>Contact Number:</strong> +91-9696045327<br /><strong>Email Id:</strong> ijemr@vandanapublications.com<br /><strong>Website:</strong> <a href="https://ijemr.vandanapublications.com">https://ijemr.vandanapublications.com</a><br /><strong>Registered Address:</strong> UG-4, Avadh Tower, Naval Kishor Road, Opp. Kaysons Lane, Hazratganj, Lucknow-226001, India.</p>https://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1505Artificial Intelligence's Effects on the Profession of Architecture and Architects' Prospects2024-02-06T07:42:18+00:00Tithi Shahlkjkjkkk@ymail.comSanika Sahastrabuddhelkjkjkkk@ymail.com<p>AI is a rapidly developing field that will become a vital component of our future. Recently, most employed technologies are somewhat artificially intelligent, but most of the task still need human input. In comparison to disciplines such as IT, cybersecurity, and health, AI progress in architecture is still in its early stages. The prevailing notion in architecture is that intelligent robots will take the role of designers in the creation of works of art and architectural structures. However, only humans continue to have access to the outputs of open-ended creative processes. AI can do countless activities involved in the design of buildings that require human intelligence, such as making decisions. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend the function, benefits, and drawbacks of this technology inside the design process from a professional standpoint. As a result, a survey will be sent to several professional designers, architects, and researchers. A summary of their results will subsequently be included in this page. The objective is to understand how AI methods can impact the architect's perspective on the design process. Some large architectural firms have started experimenting with deep learning methods to put data gathered over years of profession into practice, with a special interest in environmental sustainability and building performance. Many researchers are working on artificial intelligence applications to architectural design. The next step, in our opinion, is to comprehend the potential functions of this technology inside the architectural design process as well as the extents to which they may support a profession as complicated as architecture. In the article, we will summaries their testimonies, compare and discuss the designer’s responses to understand the potential uses of artificial intelligence techniques in the design process, and report their opinions on how these techniques may affect the approach to the project taken by the architect. We will then conclude with some reflections on the important issues discovered during the interviews with the designers.</p>2024-02-06T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Tithi Shah, Sanika Sahastrabuddhehttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1497Impact of Import and Export on the Economic Growth of Ghana2024-01-24T06:41:37+00:00Moyo Gracegracemoyo6@yahoo.comAmoah Daniel AyisiDanielamoah@outlook.com<p class="Abstract" style="text-indent: 0in;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-weight: normal;">This study investigates the impact of import and export on the economic growth of Ghana by using a multiple linear regression model. The variables of interest for these models were the gross domestic product representing the economic growth as the dependent variable. Import, export, foreign direct investment, and population were the independent variables used in determining the relationship they have with economic growth. Secondary data on GDP, import, export, population, and FDI were accessed from the World Bank website to satisfy the model which was run through a regression software called STATA. The results from the study indicated that both import and export are tremendously important factors in effecting growth in the economy of Ghana. Population on the other hand shows a negative effect on the economy. This research then suggested that more exports must be encouraged to boost the growth of the economy.</span></p>2024-02-06T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Moyo Grace, Amoah Daniel Ayisihttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1506Effect of Organic Product Label on the Consumer Perception2024-02-07T06:36:50+00:00R. Sangeethagsangeethamba@gmail.comDr. A. Geethagsangeethamba@gmail.com<p>In the organic market which is saturated in nature, the organic food consumption is seen to be growing to a considerable level. With such a prevalence, the market share for organic products has been seen to be increasing. The main element for the successful growth of the organic sector is the optimistic image which most of the consumers attribute to the organic products. Such an optimistic image is created through the labels possessed in the organic products. In this regard, the current study explores the influence of organic product label over the consumer perception regarding the organic products. The respondents of the study are the consumers of organic products in Chennai. They have been selected through simple random sampling as the respondents of the study. The size of the sample is 100 and the instrument for data collection is questionnaire. Regression has been adopted for data collection. Findings of the study reveal that product label strongly influence on consumer perception towards organic products.</p>2024-02-07T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 R. Sangeetha, Dr. A. Geethahttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1508A Study on Consumer’s Intention to Adopt Technology for UPI Payments2024-02-07T13:53:06+00:00Sathyapriya N22mba043sathyapriyan@grgsms.ac.inShanmugapriya R Mlsfsfsfsdf@gmail.comShobana Rlsfsfsfsdf@gmail.comShivapriya Mlsfsfsfsdf@gmail.comShashi Rekhaa TGlsfsfsfsdf@gmail.comShreya Mlsfsfsfsdf@gmail.com<p>Our research was conducted to examine the consumer’s intention towards adopting technology for UPI payments and to identify the factors affecting the consumer’s intention. UPI is a digital payment system that facilitates instant fund transfers between bank accounts through a mobile application that is available 24*7.</p> <p>The research methodology involves a survey of a representative sample of consumers who are using and have used UPI or have the potential to use it in the future. The survey was conducted with data collected from 124 respondents.</p> <p>This study helps to understand the importance of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and perceived security in driving consumer’s intention to adopt technology for UPI payments. The results suggests that it is important for the UPI technology providers to focus on enhancing the perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived security of their technology to encourage adoption and usage among customers.</p>2024-02-07T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Sathyapriya N, Shanmugapriya R M, Shobana R, Shivapriya M, Shashi Rekhaa TG, Shreya Mhttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1509An Assessment of E-Waste Management Challenges in Zambia2024-02-08T06:33:07+00:00Stacy Sananastacysanane575@gmail.comBupe G Mwanzastacysanane575@gmail.com<p>Electronic wastes (E-waste) are wastes which contain harmful and toxic components that can harm the environment and human health. Therefore, proper E-waste management is cardinal for any nation but majority of the developing countries such as Zambia face challenges of managing E-waste. The aim of this research was to assess E-waste management challenges in Zambia. The study employed a descriptive quantitative research design and a sample size of 168 was determined using Yamane formula. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data and the collected data was analyzed using the Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results revealed that lack of funds and investment, lack of recycling technologies, and inefficient infrastructure are significant challenges in managing E-Waste materials. However, the lack of government policies and regulation was found not to be a significant challenge. The regression analysis conducted showed that the correlation coefficient R (a relationship between E-waste management and E-waste management) indicated a moderately strong positive correlation of 0.76. The coefficient of determination, R Square, was 0.649, meaning that 64.9% of the variance in E-waste management can be explained by E-waste challenges. The recommendations for addressing e-waste management challenges in Zambia based on the results from the study are to develop a comprehensive e-waste management policy, increase public awareness, develop e-waste recycling infrastructure, encourage the circular economy, strengthen the capacity of regulatory bodies, and increase collaboration between stakeholders.</p>2024-02-08T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Stacy Sanana, Bupe G Mwanzahttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1499Reach, Resonance and Relevance of Social Media Influencers on Generation Z and Alpha Generation2024-01-24T06:40:59+00:00Anna Joseanna.jose@mcom.christuniversity.inMaria Ignatiusmaria.ignatius@mcom.christuniversity.inDr. Mary Rani Thomasmaryrani.thomas@christuniversity.in<p>Social media influencers (SMIS) are playing an increasingly dominant role in marketing, especially towards Gen Z and Gen Alpha. This study explores how these generations perceive SMIS and how it influences their consumer behavior, purchasing decisions, and lifestyle choices. Gen Z and Gen Alpha are particularly susceptible to influencer marketing due to their digital nativity and reliance on social media for information and entertainment. The study defines three key characteristics of SMIS: reach, resonance, and relevance. Reach refers to the number of people a SMI can Reach with their content. Resonance refers to the level of connection and engagement an influencer has with their audience. Relevance refers to how closely aligned a SMI content is with a brand and its target audience. The study highlights the implications of these findings for marketers, influencers, and scholars. Marketers can leverage influencer Marketing to reach their target audience and influence consumer Behavior by choosing SMIS with high reach, relevance, and resonance. Influencers can learn how to build deeper connections with their audience and create content that resonates with Gen Z and Gen Alpha. Scholars can use this research to understand how generational dynamics interact with technology and inform future studies on consumer behavior and digital influence. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the growing importance of SMIS in the digital age and their impact on consumer behavior, particularly among Gen Z and Gen Alpha.</p>2024-02-10T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Anna Jose, Maria Ignatius, Dr. Mary Rani Thomashttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1502Medical Imaging Using Deep Learning2024-01-31T09:00:34+00:00Mrs. P. Menakasubhashita86@gmail.comJ. Subhashitasubhashita86@gmail.comS. Parthibansubhashita86@gmail.comS. Soorajsubhashita86@gmail.comR. Dineshsubhashita86@gmail.com<p>The healthcare sector has been transformed by deep learning, a kind of artificial intelligence Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are two examples of deep learning techniques that have been used to evaluate medical pictures, forecast illness outcomes, and enhance patient care. This study examines the important strides made by deep learning in the fields of radiology, pathology, genomics, and electronic health records (EHRs). Additionally, it draws attention to the difficulties and moral issues that come with the application of deep learning in healthcare, highlighting the necessity of strong data protection and model interpretability. Deep learning's potential and promising results in healthcare highlight its revolutionary effects on patient care, diagnosis, and treatment, ultimately raising the standard of care.</p>2024-02-10T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Mrs. P. Menaka, J. Subhashita, S. Parthiban, S. Sooraj, R. Dineshhttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1492A Survey of Object Classification and Detection Techniques in Assistance Systems for the Visually Impaired2024-01-17T05:02:26+00:00Mrunmayi Deshpandemrunmayi.deshpande@gmail.comSreenath M Vsreenathmv@pes.eduShreya Nadellareyxnade@gmail.comNirav Antonynirav.antony.17@gmail.comNivedita Venkatniveditavenkat18@gmail.com<p>The number of visually impaired individuals in the world is estimated to be 1 billion, as per WHO reports. Through a thorough examination of existing assistive technology and research, this paper provides a survey of object classification and detection techniques that are used in assistive technology by visually impaired individuals. We discuss the methodology’s drawbacks, s and functionalities of these techniques, and observe how sufficient they are in meeting the needs and requirements of the targeted users, and how they can be improved. As a result of this study, we identify areas with room for improvement in object detection in the assistive technology domain.</p>2024-02-12T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Mrunmayi Deshpande, Sreenath M V, Shreya Nadella, Nirav Antony, Nivedita Venkathttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1493A Survey on Real-Time Market Dynamics Through Visual Dashboards2024-01-19T08:21:27+00:00Gaurav Marathegaurav_marathe@moderncoe.edu.inDr. Mrs. Swapna Bhavsarswapna.bhavsar@moderncoe.edu.inArjun Bajarearjun_bajare@moderncoe.edu.inVaidehi Jadhavvaidehi_jadhav@moderncoe.edu.inAishwarya Nikamaishwarya_nikam@moderncoe.edu.in<p>This paper presents a web-based dashboard for real-time data visualization, primarily focusing on financial markets and cryptocurrencies. Data visualization serves as an effective means to convey intricate data clearly and concisely. Utilizing React for the front end, Flask for the backend API, and incorporating data visualization libraries such as Chart.js, our dashboard offers dynamic and interactive data representations. Comprehensive overview of dashboard design, architecture, and functionality, highlighting its importance in monitoring and analyzing financial information in real-time. Furthermore, we delve into the challenges faced during development and potential areas for improvement. This dashboard proves to be an invaluable resource for traders, investors, and financial analysts navigating today's dynamic economic landscape. It provides valuable insights and actionable data to support decision-making.</p>2024-02-13T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Gaurav Marathe, Dr. Mrs. Swapna Bhavsar, Arjun Bajare, Vaidehi Jadhav, Aishwarya Nikamhttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1507A Comprehensive Study on Goods and Services Tax in India2024-02-07T10:20:38+00:00Dr. Rani Jacobranirosejacob@gmail.comKarthika Binukarthikabinu0203@gmail.comAnjana P Branirosejacob@gmail.com<p>The Goods and Service Tax [GST] is implemented by the Government of India on 1<sup>st</sup> July 2017 through the one hundred and first amendment of the constitution of India. It was marked a significant shift in the country's taxation landscape. GST, which is publicized as the one nation one tax, brought with its expectations of free flowing of credit, subsequent to reduction in prices of goods and services as well as free movement of goods in India. In view of the changes, it brought to the tax system, it may be early to pass a final judgment on its achievement. While GST has streamlined the tax regime and promoted economic integration, its full potential is yet to be realized, requiring continuous reforms and adaptations to address challenges and capitalize on opportunities for sustainable growth. This paper tries to trace the historic journey of GST in India and take a look at the experience of Government and businesses in their initial years of GST implementation.</p>2024-02-18T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Rani Jacob, Karthika Binu, Anjana P Bhttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1513Unmasking the Evolution of Social Engineering in Cybersecurity: Techniques, Vulnerabilities, and Countermeasures2024-02-21T08:51:27+00:00Dr. Paravathi Cparvathi.cse@bgscet.ac.inDhanyashree Gparvathi.cse@bgscet.ac.inYeshaswini Rparvathi.cse@bgscet.ac.inLisha Sparvathi.cse@bgscet.ac.in<p>This research explores the historical evolution, tactics, and classifications of social engineering in the realm of cyber security. Tracing its roots back to the 1990s when attackers would exploit human vulnerabilities through phone calls, the paper highlights the shift towards sophisticated techniques targeting individuals to transfer substantial sums or disclose sensitive information. The term "social engineering" was coined in 1894, gaining prominence in cybersecurity in the 1990s and evolving with the proliferation of the internet. The attackers meticulously research their targets, utilizing human-based and computer-based social engineering tactics.<br>The classification section delineates human-based social engineering techniques, including impersonation, posing as an important user, using a third person, calling technical support, shoulder surfing, and dumpster diving. Computer-based social engineering involves fake emails, email attachments, pop-up windows, and other deceptive practices. The paper delves into various types of social engineering attacks, such as manipulating conversations, piggybacking, tracking, baiting, phishing, smishing, Trojan horse attacks, water hole attacks, and reverse social engineering.<br>The document emphasizes the need for self-protection measures, providing guidelines to recognize and thwart social engineering attacks. It also discusses real-time examples like email phishing scams and suggests multi-factor authentication as a potential solution. In conclusion, the research underscores the significance of understanding and combating social engineering, offering insights into its dynamics and countermeasures to fortify cybersecurity in an ever-evolving digital landscape.</p>2024-02-21T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Paravathi C, Dhanyashree G, Yeshaswini R, Lisha Shttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1514Packet Sniffing2024-02-21T09:22:22+00:00Dr. Paravathi Cpvc311925@gmail.comRoshini Dpvc311925@gmail.comShwetha S Nayakpvc311925@gmail.com<p>Packet sniffing is a technique used to monitor network traffic by intercepting each packet that flows across the network. It can be used as a helpful administrative tool or for malicious purposes. With the advancement of technology, the network is growing rapidly, resulting in an increase in network traffic. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor both the network traffic and the activities of its users in order to maintain a smooth and efficient network. However, monitoring a large network can be a complex task due to the large number of packets involved. This is where packet sniffing comes in handy. Packet sniffing plays a vital role in network monitoring as it allows network administrators to identify any weaknesses in the network. This paper focuses on the use of packet sniffing in various environments, such as cyber attacks and ethical purposes. By utilizing a packet sniffer, we can capture and analyze network traffic. Different protocols, such as TCP, IP, and UDP, are implemented, and filtering based on these protocols is also performed.</p>2024-02-21T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Paravathi C, Roshini D, Shwetha S Nayakhttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1515Forecasting Stock Prices through Time Series, Econometric, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning Models2024-02-21T16:34:33+00:00Anand Kumar Doharedohare.anand@gmail.comMohammad Abuzaiddohare.anand@gmail.com<p>Over an comprehensive ending, scientist have loyal solid efforts to plan a strong and exact predicting foundation for guessing stock prices. Academic discourse emphasizes that intricately devised and refined predicting models occupy the competency to carefully and dependably expect future stock principles. This case introduces a various array of models, including methods to a degree period succession reasoning, econometrics, and miscellaneous knowledge-based approaches tailor-made for stock price guess. Analyzing dossier connecting from January 2004 to December 2019 for famous enterprises to a degree Sun Pharma Group, ICICI Bank, and Infosys Technologies, the models suffered rigorous preparation and estimate to judge their influence across various labors. This research engages a unique mixture of methodologies, containing an individual occasion order models , an econometric approach (ARIMA model), and a pair of machine intelligence model like MARS and Random Forest. Additionally, the study integrates two deep knowledge- located models, particularly the plain RNN and LSTM. This diverse array of models aims to supply a inclusive study of stock price activities vague areas. The study results emphasize the preeminence of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) as the most able machine intelligence model, Short-term memory (LSTM) has emerged as a deep learning model. Importantly, MARS usually illustrates superior influence in the specific domain of transactions guessing across the Information Technology (resorting to Infosys dossier), Banking (illustration upon ICICI dossier), and Health (depending SUN PHARMA dossier) sectors.</p>2024-02-21T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Anand Kumar Dohare, Mohammad Abuzaidhttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1516Plant Health Monitoring System Using Machine Learning2024-02-21T19:02:04+00:00Anand Kumar Doharedohare.anand@gmail.comAdnan Ahmad Khandohare.anand@gmail.com<p>Agriculture has transformed into more than just a means to feed growing populations; it's a crucial sector in India, engaging over 70% of the workforce and ensuring sustenance for a vast number of people. Plants play a pivotal role in ecosystems, supporting human life and wildlife by providing food. Preserving plant health is imperative, particularly in detecting diseases, as it directly impacts the quality and quantity of agricultural yields.<br>This paper focuses on the technologies that are being used in plant health monitoring system which is being adopted nowadays in agriculture to make farming easy, for example image processing approaches for plant disease detection. Manually monitoring plant diseases is a difficult task. A manual plant disease monitoring system needs additional processing time and plant disease knowledge. As a result, a method for identifying plant diseases that is quick, automated, and accurate is required. As a result, image processing techniques are utilised to detect, process, and identify plant diseases since they are quick, automated, and accurate. Visualization is a traditional way of identifying diseases in plants, however it is not as effective in detecting diseases linked with plants. As a result, we can give a superior option, one that is both fast and precise, by employing image processing techniques that are more trustworthy than certain older methods.</p>2024-02-21T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Anand Kumar Dohare, Adnan Ahmad Khanhttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1512Development of a Time-Cost Model for Construction Projects in Federal Polytechnic of Oil and Gas, Nigeria2024-02-15T05:07:31+00:00Kenneth Miebaka Obakenneth.oba@ust.edu.ngDareme Constantine Olokokenneth.oba@ust.edu.ng<p>Tertiary institutions in Nigeria are usually faced with the problem of completing building projects within the scheduled durations and budgeted costs. In this study, 8 building construction projects completed in the Federal Polytechnic of Oil and Gas were analysed between the years 2014 and 2023. A non-linear regression time-cost model was developed based on the Bromilow’s Time-Cost (BTC) model. The results show that it would take 1858.3 working days to complete the construction of a building in a Nigerian tertiary institution for every one million Australian Dollar. Predictions were made for construction durations and construction costs with the formulated model. The model was found to be adequate and fit, with an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.8218. This also indicates that the BTC model applies to tertiary institution building construction projects in Nigeria. </p>2024-02-23T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Kenneth Miebaka Oba, Dareme Constantine Olokohttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1529The Effect of Strategic Management Practice on Organizational Performance: The Case of Ethio Telecom2024-02-28T17:53:46+00:00Leykun Aregayohannes.workeaferahu@aau.edu.etYohannes Workeaferahu Elifnehyohannes.workeaferahu@aau.edu.et<p>The aim of this research paper was to examine the effect of strategic management practices on organization performance in the case of Ethio telecom (the leading telecom company in Ethiopia). To conduct this study, the study used an explanatory research design to examine the effect of strategic management practice (strategy formulation, strategy implementation and strategy evaluation) on organization performance. The target population comprised 517 Ethio telecom employees and 226 samples drawn. The study used questionnaires for data collection. Accordingly, 226 questionnaires were distributed through a google form link and 206 questionnaires were properly filled. Both descriptive and inferential analysis techniques have been used to analyze the data using SPSS version 23 tool. The results of the study showed that from the dimensions of strategic management practices, strategic evaluation is the most important predictor of organization performance and followed by strategic formulation; while strategic implementation is moderately related in terms of magnitude of the effect.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Leykun Arega, Yohannes Workeaferahu Elifnehhttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1530Banks Plays a Pivotal Role in Entrepreneurship Development2024-02-28T18:28:23+00:00Dr. Anand. K.naveenkfin@gmail.comDr. Naveen Kumar. Hnaveenkfin@gmail.com<p>Banks contribute significantly and positively in advising and providing loans for the development of entrepreneur in India. Banks are essential for the survival and their unique role as the engine of growth in the country. The central government organization regulates banking and non-banking financial institutions. Entrepreneurship development is a concept that has to do with the formation, financing, growth and expansion of business or enterprises in an economy. This paper focus on the role of banks in the development of entrepreneurship in Mysore. It is aimed at to find out problems faced by entrepreneurs in obtaining the loans from the banks for their startups/expansion and the major difficulties faced by the banks towards sanctioning and recovery of the loans. This paper also focused on factors considered by banks before lending loans to entrepreneurs.</p>2024-02-28T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Anand. K., Dr. Naveen Kumar. Hhttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1531The Role of Contingent Workforce on the Vodafone-Oman Company Performance2024-02-29T07:20:02+00:00Kawther Musabah Alghafrilsfsfsfsdf@gmail.comMuadh Khalfan AlSiyabilsfsfsfsdf@gmail.comBashaer Mabrook Albusaidilsfsfsfsdf@gmail.comHafsa Mahmood Alhadilsfsfsfsdf@gmail.comDr. Chandra Sekhara Reddy Kamireddylsfsfsfsdf@gmail.com<p>Through contingent workforce, organizations can quickly add or remove their labor force in response to the changes in market demand. As per their seasonal demand requirements, most of the companies are gaining benefit through this flexible approach of recruiting the contingent employees. During the un-season or no-sales period, the management can easily remove these contingent employees and during the high-demand and peak-season period management can easily hire the new intake of contingent workers as per the situational requirement. This is how the management can reduce the burden of additional labor cost during their un-seasons and they are raising organizational performance and productivity during their peak seasons. Without making any long-term commitment the companies can test and use the skills and abilities of contingent workforce. Especially when the companies wish to expand, their branches to new territories and those who wish to start their new business with new products to test the market, these contingent workers are more profitable and cost saving strategies to the companies. The contingent workforce can also deliver the best of their wider pool of talents and skills in the organizations. With the rise of remote work and the gig economy, companies are taking quick decisions to hire the talent in their immediate geographical areas. This opens a world of possibilities for finding the right person for a specific job. Moreover, contingent workers often bring specific expertise and skills, which might be not available in the organization. This is an added advantage to the projects or initiatives, which have linked with specific and unique skills or knowledge. In many organizations, contingent workers are hired through third parties or consultants. In some companies, they are offering payment for number of hours worked or one lump sum amount after completion of total project work. Generally, these contingent workers will be recruited with no extra perks, appraisals and leaves as like as full time employees. Contingent workers have to perform as like as full-time workers even though they will be paid less comparatively with the full-time workers.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Kawther Musabah Alghafri, Muadh Khalfan AlSiyabi, Bashaer Mabrook Albusaidi, Hafsa Mahmood Alhadi, Dr. Chandra Sekhara Reddy Kamireddyhttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1535A Study on Diversity and Inclusion: HR Perspective2024-03-02T06:04:59+00:00Snehal Gundgundsnehal08@gmail.comDr. Diksha Swaroopgundsnehal08@gmail.com<p>Diversity and inclusion (D&I) are pivotal in today's global landscape, acknowledging the value of differences to enrich organizational culture and foster innovation. Diversity covers various aspects like race, gender, age, ethnicity, culture etc., while inclusion actively fosters an environment where these differences are respected and valued. D&I plays a crucial role in talent attraction, retention, and employee engagement, contributing to a positive corporate culture that promotes equal opportunities for everyone. The research methodology is descriptive and exploratory, incorporating both primary and secondary data sources to offer a comprehensive perspective on this vital subject. The primary data collection involves the administration of questionnaire to HR professionals from various industries within Vapi and Silvassa region, ensuring diverse perspectives and experiences. This approach allowed for the accumulation of firsthand insights and perspectives directly from those actively engaged in diversity and inclusion practices within their organizations. Complementing the primary data, the secondary data sources included literature review on D&I, delving into evolving definitions, frameworks, and best practices. This multifaceted research design enabled a thorough exploration of the intricate nuances of diversity and inclusion in contemporary workplaces. The research objectives include studying the concept of Diversity and Inclusion, gain insights from HR professionals across various industries, and identifying the challenges organizations face when implementing successful D&I programs. The collection is geographically focused on Silvassa and Vapi, with questionnaires exclusively administered to HR professionals in these locations. It's important to note that the study's findings are confined to organizations within the Vapi and Silvassa regions.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Snehal Gund, Dr. Diksha Swaroophttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1518A Study of The Effect of Public and Private Debt on Zambia’s Economic Growth2024-02-24T17:50:05+00:00Bwalya Gwendoline Lombebwalya.lk@yahoo.comLubinda HaabazokaLhabazoka@gmail.com<p>Public and private debt plays a critical role in bridging government financing gaps especially in developing countries like Zambia with low economic growth (World Bank, 2017). Notwithstanding this fact, public debt can however be viewed as a doubled-edged sword. Public debt has become an important problem for most countries over the last decades. Despite acquiring this level of debt, most of the country’s population has continued to live in excess poverty and only a few are successfully employed. The study utilized descriptive and correlational designs and sought to determine the relationship between the independent variables (private and public debt) and economic growth, investment and social progress index .The study utilised economic secondary data from 1964 to 2020 a period of 56years. The result found that public debt has negatively affected the rate of growth in the Zambian economy over the period of study. This implies that an increase in public debt will decrease economic growth. However, public debt impact on investment was found not significant at p value 0.05, despite the coefficient indicating a weak positive correlation. The association between private debt, investment, economic growth by GDP and NGDP was found to be positively correlated and significant p-values (0.0092<0.05). However, it was revealed that increasing the amount debt especially public debt affects and reduces the level of economic growth. The study revealed that private debt increases investment and domestic saving which means that they positively impact economic growth. Private debt by individuals and corporations was found to have positive effects on some social progress indicators such as literacy, carbon emission per capita, electricity access and GDP per capital growth. Finally, it was recommended that a scrutinizing agency should be established before the acquisition of debt. As this would help in reducing the acquisition of debts which have little significance in improving the economy.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Bwalya Gwendoline Lombe, Lubinda Haabazokahttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1517A Study of the Role of the Manufacturing Sector in Zambia’s Economic Growth – A Quantitative Approach2024-02-24T16:11:50+00:00Rhoda Mayawarudo_mayawa@yahoo.com<p>Zambia has embraced Vision 2030 making it a middle-income nation as a project delivery method. The country faces constraints that have made this provision a challenge. The Manufacturing sector plays a role in contributing to this challenge. The purpose of this study was to understand the contribution of each sector identified as key economic sectors in Vision 2030 towards economic growth, with a bias towards understanding the contribution of the manufacturing sector to economic growth. The study made use of quarterly time-series quantitative secondary data from 2014Q1 to 2021Q4 that was analyzed using the ARDL model through regression analysis. The study found a long-run relationship that exists between the dependent and the independent variables using the ARDL bounds testing approach. The study has found that there is no statistically significant relationship between Economic growth and manufacturing sector output in the long run. However, the study shows that there is a short-run positive effect of manufacturing sector output on Economic Growth in the current period and with a lag of two periods. Therefore, manufacturing sector output is a short-run determinant of economic growth. This, however, is argued to be not ideal as Vision 2030 promotes long-term growth. This is because the manufacturing sector coupled with exports has the potential to accelerate sustainable economic growth in developing countries like Zambia. This Study has established the need for aligning gaps in the manufacturing sector. Therefore, it is proposed that there is a need for sustained relevant investment in the manufacturing sector for it to yield long-term positive effects. Economic growth is very essential for all economies and the role of the manufacturing sector can help achieve this goal.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Rhoda Mayawahttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1521An Assessment of the Economic Effect of Industry Clusters on Economic Development in Zambia - A Case Study of the Lusaka South Multi Facility Economic Zone2024-02-25T13:23:34+00:00Zoe Chisangachukwukwazoechisanga@yahoo.comLubinda Haabazokachukwukwazoechisanga@yahoo.com<p>This paper sought to assess the economic effect of industry clusters in the Lusaka South Multi Facility Economic Zone (LS MFEZ) on economic development. The objectives of the study were: to investigate the factors that promote economic growth in LS MFEZ, to determine the economic contribution of the industry clusters in LS MFEZ and, to investigate the constraints faced by the firms operating in LS MFEZ. The major findings of the study were that the firms operating in the LS MFEZ were influenced by aspects related to reduced costs of operations, access to advanced technologies and reduced transaction costs. The study observed that the LS MFEZ contributed to the creation of employment for both skilled and unskilled labor. Further, the study revealed that operations in the LS MFEZ promoted the growth of the transport sector and strongly contributed to local and international trade. The study was also informed of various constraints faced by the firms operating in the LS MFEZ and these included huge capital requirements, inadequate infrastructure, and lack of other essential services such as electricity among others. The research recommended skill trainings for local workers as well as a policy that supports the financing and infrastructure development for the industry clusters.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Zoe Chisanga, Lubinda Haabazokahttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1520A Study of the Effects of Working Capital Management on SME’s Financial Performance: A Case of Zam Manufacturing Limited2024-02-24T19:45:18+00:00Teddy Nkowanenkowane.tn@gmail.com<p>In Zambia, Small Medium Enterprises represent 97% of all businesses, contributes 70% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product and employs 88% of the country’s workforce (FSDZ, 2021). In-spite of this, most small medium enterprises are victims of acute business failure attributed to inadequate managerial acumen, restricted technical skills, limited access to capital and poor internal financial management. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between working capital management and small medium enterprises’ financial performance. Cash conversion cycle was used as a comprehensive measure of working capital, which was further broken down to accounts collection period, inventory conversion period and accounts payable period was adopted as independent variables while gross operating profit was used as the dependent variable. Multiple regression analysis was applied to elucidate the relationship between working capital management and firm financial performance. The results revealed that accounts collection period and accounts payable period had a negative relationship with gross operating profit. While inventory conversion period showed a positive relationship with gross operating profit. Based on the regression analysis results, it was recommended that Zam Manufacturing Limited adopts 85% cash sales and 15% credit sales of its total sales target. Furthermore, departmental managers must undergo regular training in aspect of working capital under their responsibility to improve capacity. Additionally, the company should regulate the risk of overtrading by gradually monitoring and controlling growth.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Teddy Nkowanehttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1528A Review on Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Data Using Machine Learning Techniques2024-02-26T13:39:59+00:00Mantasha Khanmantashakhan900.0@gmail.comAnkita Srivastavaankita@iul.ac.in<p class="Abstract">Twitter, a microblogging network, has grown into an ongoing repository of real-time user-generated data, providing a valuable dataset for sentiment analysis. It is an approach that determines the emotional state of data or language. People's opinions may help organizations and governments to acquire information and make decisions based on their perceptions. For instance, when you want a greater understanding of customer sentiment, you can begin by looking at customer feedback underneath what they bought or comments under your company's post on any social media platform. Sentiment analysis determines that a particular text expresses negative, pleasant, or neutral feelings. It's a type of analysis of texts that employs NLP and machine learning. Sentiment analysis employs NLP, analysis of text, computational linguistics, and biometrics to systematically detect, extract, measure, and investigate emotional states and subjective information. This paper provides a thorough review of Twitter Data Sentiment Analysis Using ML Techniques. It covers traditional ML algorithms like random forest, Logistic regression, Naive Bayes, SVM, and decision tree, classifiers, as well as complex deep learning algorithms like RNN, LSTM and CNN and as well as hybrid models like ConvBidirectional-LSTM and CNN-LSTM. Finally, the limitations of Twitter sentiment analysis are examined to suggest future directions.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Mantasha Khan, Ankita Srivastavahttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1532Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Data Using Machine Learning Techniques2024-02-29T13:13:05+00:00Mantasha Khanmantashakhan900.0@gmail.comAnkita Srivastavaankita@iul.ac.in<p>In the age of social media, it is more convenient for individuals to articulate their thoughts and emotions. Each day, they disseminate their perspectives and notions on various social media platforms about ongoing global events. On controversial issues, one can find a consensus of public feeling, whether positive or negative. Twitter functions as a demonstration of a social media platform where individuals participate in discussions about their perspectives. Twitter sentiment analysis examines the overall feeling or emotion expressed in tweets. It employs machine learning and natural language processing techniques to automatically categorize tweets as good, negative, or neutral depending on their content. It may be used for single tweets or a bigger dataset relating to a specific topic or event. Through the identification of these sentiments, machine learning endows us with an advantageous position in the analysis and prediction of said sentiments. Distinct machine learning models are utilized in this paper to scrutinize sentiments within Twitter data. The proposed system offers a comprehensive evaluation of the performance of various machine learning algorithms, including Vader, XGBoost with CountVectorizer, XGBoost with Gensim, Random Forest with CountVectorizer, Random Forest with Gensim, Single LSTM, and Bidirectional LTSM and Bidirectional LTSM gives highest accuracy of .73.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Mantasha Khan, Ankita Srivastavahttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1536A Study on Chatbots and Virtual Assistants in Customer Engagement: A Review2024-03-03T13:28:43+00:00Vijaykumar.Mmvijayakumar@ksrct.ac.inSri Varsini.Rmvijayakumar@ksrct.ac.inMappillai Meeran. Smvijayakumar@ksrct.ac.in<p>The use of chatbots and virtual assistants in customer engagement has gained significant attention in recent years. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature on this topic, aiming to provide insights into the impact of chatbots and virtual assistants on customer experience, satisfaction, and loyalty. The review encompasses various aspects, including the growth and prosperity of chatbots, their impact on customer service, and their integration into wireless services. Additionally, the study explores the role of chatbots in enhancing customer engagement in digital marketing and their influence on customer loyalty. The findings from this review contribute to a better understanding of the implications of chatbots and virtual assistants in customer engagement, providing valuable insights for businesses and researchers by understanding chatbots and virtual assistants in customer engagement.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Vijaykumar.M, Sri Varsini.R, Mappillai Meeran. Shttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1542The Role of the Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP) in General Business Management2024-03-09T02:55:51+00:00Dawood AL Wahabitejas20in@gmail.comKhalid AL Balushitejas20in@gmail.comAyoub AL Balushitejas20in@gmail.comDr. Tejas B Vyastejas20in@gmail.com<p>This research discusses the topic (the role of the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system in public business management) Oman Broadband Company was used and this study focuses on the role, duties and responsibilities of the ERP system, as this study will focus on the relationship between the ERP system and the effectiveness of business management and also the mechanism of the ERP system’s work. Discuss the topic of the problems and solutions that organizations face during the implementation of the enterprise resource planning system. This research aims to identify enterprise resource planning in the real life of the business environment, and thus valuable information was obtained from the work environment in the Omani Broadband Company and the work was done. Recommendations that help improve the work environment and how to improve and exploit the ERP system.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Dawood AL Wahabi, Khalid AL Balushi, Ayoub AL Balushi, Dr. Tejas B Vyashttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1533Development of a Time-Cost Model for Construction Projects in Rivers State University, Nigeria2024-03-01T10:13:47+00:00Kenneth Miebaka Obakenneth.oba@ust.edu.ngKelechukwu Dimkpakelechukwu.dimkpa@ust.edu.ng<p>This study aimed to develop a mathematical model to address the problems of construction costs and delays in buildings owned by tertiary institutions in Nigeria. A total of eleven building construction projects awarded and executed at Rivers State University between 2016 and 2023 were studied. Bromilow’s Time-Cost (BTC) model, a non-linear power regression mathematical model was developed. The study showed that 1916.3 working days are required to complete a building construction in the Rivers State University, Nigerian, for every Aus$1 million. The model predictions resulted in R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.7465 which was subjected to two-tailed student t-tests for the for the construction times and costs. The statistical results indicate that the model is fit and adequate. The study also proved that the BTC model is applicable in Nigerian tertiary institutions, especially Rivers State University.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Kenneth Miebaka Oba, Kelechukwu Dimkpahttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1534A Study of the Effects of Treasury Funding on Efficiency of the Implementation of the Farmers Input Support Programme (FISP) in Zambia2024-03-01T13:42:45+00:00Felistus Ngunifelistusnguni@gmail.comLubinda Haabazokafelistusnguni@gmail.com<p>The importance of the success of the FISP and E-Voucher system are that it may result in an increase in income in rural areas, an increase in production and hence the food reserves in the food basket and for individual families and will also provide a means to contribute to GDP in the economy in efforts to diversify the economy. However, the study noted that there existed several challenges regarding implementation of the program. The overall objective of this study therefore was to assess the effect of treasury funding on the implementation of FISP in Zambia. The study took into consideration respondents in the Ministry of Agriculture that are directly involved in the FISP program and receiving funding from the treasury. The study made use of primary data. The study finds that the treasury does engage the Ministry of Agriculture and all relevant ministries, units and departments in obtaining estimates in a consultative forum before providing these estimates in the national budge. However, the study outlines that there are delayed payments from the treasury that affect implementation and therefore preparation and production of farming output. Nevertheless, the study findings further note that challenges in implementation however are not limited to delays in funding by the treasury but the extent to which resources are allocated to the program as opposed to other Ministry activities that would further support the implementation of the program. This is because about 80 percent of the resources are dedicated to the success of the program. The study further outlines that a possible solution would be contract farming and private extension services, however, these would have a restricted reach as they are motivated by ensuring profit. This would render the rural poverty alleviation activities strained.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 FELISTUS NGUNI, Lubinda Haabazokahttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1540Navigating the Future: Trends Shaping IT Industry2024-03-04T10:12:33+00:00Dr. A. Geethageethaganesh2015@gmail.comMahesh Prabu Arunachalamgeethaganesh2015@gmail.com<p>This abstract explores emerging trends in shaping the IT industry’s future. From artificial intelligence and cybersecurity to decentralized technologies, it delves into the transformative forces guiding IT professionals and businesses toward innovative landscapes. By navigating these trends strategically, the industry can harness new opportunities and overcome challenges in an ever-evolving technological landscape.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. A. Geetha, Mahesh Prabu Arunachalamhttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1539Enhanced Local Contractor Participation: Case of Zambia Water Supply and Sanitation Sub-Sector2024-03-04T08:28:35+00:00Chanda Katotobwechandakatotobwe@gmail.comChabota Kalibachabota.kaliba@gmail.comKelvin Lungu Agabulunguagabu@gmail.com<p>The construction sector plays a crucial role in Zambia's economic development, especially through public projects focused on areas like health, education, transport, and water and sanitation. These projects, often funded by donors, aim to improve water supply and sanitation, with key partners including Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Japan, Ireland, the World Bank, and the African Development Bank. While private construction projects also drive the economy, local contractor involvement in public projects is vital for Zambia's development. However, the dominance of foreign contractors in public projects is a common challenge in many developing countries, including Zambia. This research investigates the obstacles preventing local contractors from becoming main players in Zambia's construction sector, particularly in water and sanitation projects. It employs a Straussian Grounded Theory approach, proposing strategies to enhance local contractor participation. The study suggests that promoting local contractors' growth and competitiveness requires various measures, such as government confidence in their capabilities, tax incentives, procurement reforms, financial support, partnerships, segmented contracts, and fostering self-sufficiency. The research defines theoretical propositions and strategies aimed at increasing local contractor involvement in infrastructure development.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Chanda Katotobwe, Chabota Kaliba, Kelvin Lungu Agabuhttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1545A Study on Supply Chain Challenges for the Indian FMCG Sector2024-03-16T06:28:41+00:00Dr. Salim Khansalimkhan@sxcjpr.edu.in<p>The term "supply chain management" emerged in the 1980s, initially introduced by consultants and later explored by the business community. In simple terms, it establishes an integrated two-way communication system among organizations involved in the supply chain to efficiently manage high-quality inventory. Supply chain management encompasses a network of facilities and distribution options, managing the procurement, transformation, and distribution of materials in both the service and manufacturing sectors. The complexity of supply chains varies across industries and firms, involving multiple end products, shared components, and various transportation modes. SCM facilitates successful supply chain management execution through technology exchange and strategic alliances, collaborating with professional consulting firms and core technology vendors.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Salim Khanhttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1546A Study of the Strategic Responses of Commercial Banks to Changes in the External Environment in Zambia2024-03-16T17:52:37+00:00Kamiji Ndonjikamiji.ndonji@gmail.comLubinda Haabazokakamiji.ndonji@gmail.com<p>Banking sectors play a crucial part in the growth of an economy. As a result, the banking sector's stability is critical to an economy's growth. Commercial banks are faced with external environmental changes that may render negative as well as positive impacts on commercial banks. Strategic management is one of the key corner stones of any business institution that needs to compete favourably in a particular industry and respond to changes in the external environment. Crafting strategies to suit changes in the external environment is one principal goal of every organisation whose aim is to remain competitive in the market, generate profits and attain growth. This investigated response strategies to external environment (economic changes, technological changes, and social-culture changes) of commercial banks in Zambia. Descriptive research approach was used with 38 questionnaires distributed. Only 20 questionnaires were returned and correctly answered, representing 52.6% response rate, enough to draw conclusions and recommendations. Data analysed quantitatively in SPSS and Microsoft excel with result values presented using percentages, averages, and means. The results revealed that commercial banks did not respond to social-cultures changes in consumer behaviour in Zambia. However commercial banks responded to economic and technological factors, which led to closure of some branches and bank merges. To that end, commercial banks adopted various response strategies to respond to the changes. Strategies adopted included stability and expansion while no commercial bank adopted retrenchment strategy. Commercial banks should not only concentrate on stability strategies, but also use other strategies such as expansion and retrenchment strategies to survive the harsh external turbulence. Management of commercial banks should take advantage of advances in information and communication technology that enhances service delivery and meeting customer needs. Banks need to constantly scan the environment using various tools like SWOT, Research and Development and PESTEL in order to be aware of changes in the external environment and prepare for it.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Kamiji Ndonji, Lubinda Haabazokahttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1525A Study of the Effect of Foreign Exchange Rates on the Financial Performance of Power Utility Companies in Zambia: A Case of Copperbelt Energy Corporation Plc2024-02-25T13:00:13+00:00Anderson Bandaabandaz7@yahoo.comLubinda Haabazokaabandaz7@yahoo.com<p>Just like other sectors, energy sector in Zambia has faced exchange rates volatility for a long time. Research has shown that Zambian kwacha has been unstable and that it has been depreciating. This study aimed at assessing the effect of foreign exchange rates on the financial performance of power utility companies in Zambia as a result of the devaluation of kwacha. It was an empirical study as the researcher sought to gain knowledge by using quantitative data. Purposive sampling was used in selecting Copperbelt Energy Corporation Plc and secondary data used in the study was extracted from the company’s published audited financial statements. Regression analysis using GraphPad software and Microsoft tools were used to analyse data and findings were presented in tables and graphs.</p> <p>The main results of the study showed that foreign exchange rates had an effect on the financial performance of CEC Plc. Whenever kwacha depreciated, financial performance of the company went down and vice versa. The results further, suggests that there was a medium positive relationship between foreign exchange rates and key financial performance indicators. Henceforward, it was recommended that CEC Plc should ensure that foreign exchange risk management techniques such as money market hedge, exposure netting and hedging with invoice currency are used to minimize foreign exchange risks. It was also recommended that further studies be done in this sector using other financial performance indicators which were not employed in this study to increase the knowledge base.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Anderson Banda, Lubinda Haabazokahttps://ijemr.vandanapublications.com/index.php/ijemr/article/view/1519The Effects of Working Capital Management on Profitability of Microfinance Institutions in Zambia: A Case Study of Bayport Zambia Limited2024-02-24T17:59:29+00:00Joe Fungaifungaiijoe@gmail.com<p>This study investigated the effects of working capital management on the profitability of Bayport Zambia Limited, a microfinance institution in Zambia. The specific objectives were to find out the effect of cash management profitability of Bayport, to assess the effect of non-performing loans (debtors) on Bayport Profitability, to examine the effect of operational expenses on the Profitability of Bayport and to determine the effect of debt recovery effort on the profitability of Bayport. Data were collected through questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with employees and senior management of Bayport Zambia Limited. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data, including frequency distribution and percentages. The study found that effective management of liquid cash is crucial for sustaining and maximizing profits. Weak cash management negatively impacts profitability. Managing and mitigating non-performing loans significantly affects financial performance. Weak management of operational expenses can impact profitability. Timely and efficient debt recovery efforts positively influence profitability. Based on these findings, the study makes several recommendations. Bayport should reassess and strengthen debt recovery strategies, reduce high operational expenses, and utilize technology solutions to effectively monitor customer status. Collaboration with regulatory authorities is necessary to develop and enforce a regulatory framework for responsible lending and efficient working capital management. Financial literacy and education programs should be implemented to promote awareness and responsible borrowing. These recommendations aim to improve working capital management and overall profitability in Bayport Zambia Limited and the microfinance sector in Zambia.</p>2024-02-29T00:00:00+00:00Copyright (c) 2024 Joe Fungai